Tuesday, July 28, 2009

Computer POST / beep codes

POST ABCs

The computer POST (Power On Self Test) tests the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements and that all hardware is working properly before starting the remainder of the boot process. If the computer passes the POST the computer will have a single beep (with some computer BIOS manufacturers it may beep twice) as the computer starts and the computer will continue to start normally. However, if the computer fails the POST, the computer will either not beep at all or will generate a beep code, which tells the user the source of the problem.

The steps of a POST

Each time the computer boots up the computer must past the POST. Below is the common steps a POST performs each time your computer starts.

  1. Test the power supply to ensure that it is turned on and that it releases its reset signal.
  2. CPU must exit the reset status mode and thereafter be able to execute instructions.
  3. BIOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable.
  4. CMOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable.
  5. CPU must be able to read all forms of memory such as the memory controller, memory bus, and memory module.
  6. The first 64KB of memory must be operational and have the capability to be read and written to and from, and capable of containing the POST code.
  7. I/O bus / controller must be accessible.
  8. I/O bus must be able to write / read from the video subsystem and be able to read all video RAM.

If the computer does not pass any of the above tests, your computer will receive an irregular POST. An irregular POST is a beep code that is different from the standard one or two beeps. This could be either no beeps at all or a combination of different beeps indicating what is causing the computer not to past the POST.

If you're receiving an irregular POST document CH000607 contains all the steps a user can do to resolve the issue or help determine what hardware has failed in the computer so it can be replaced. If you're getting a beep code the remainder of this page contains a listing of each of the major manufacturers beep codes and what they each mean.





AMI BIOS beep codes

Below are the AMI BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep CodeDescriptionsDocument
1 shortDRAM refresh failureCH000996
2 shortParity circuit failureCH000607
3 shortBase 64K RAM failureCH000996
4 shortSystem timer failureCH000607
5 shortProcess failureCH000607
6 shortKeyboard controller Gate A20 errorCH000383
7 shortVirtual mode exception errorCH000607
8 shortDisplay memory Read/Write test failureCH000607
9 shortROM BIOS checksum failureCH000607
10 shortCMOS shutdown Read/Write errorCH000239
11 shortCache Memory errorCH000607
1 long, 3 shortConventional/Extended memory failureCH000996
1 long, 8 shortDisplay/Retrace test failedCH000607

AWARD BIOS beep codes

Below are Award BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep CodeDescriptionDocument
1 long, 2 shortIndicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to display any additional informationCH000607
Any other beep(s)RAM problem.CH000996

If any other correctable hardware issues, the BIOS will display a message.

IBM BIOS beep codes

Below are IBM BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of models shipping with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep CodeDescriptionDocument
No BeepsNo Power, Loose Card, or Short.CH000312
1 Short BeepNormal POST, computer is ok.No problem
2 Short BeepPOST error, review screen for error code.See screen
Continuous BeepNo Power, Loose Card, or Short.CH000607
Repeating Short BeepNo Power, Loose Card, or Short.CH000607
One Long and one Short BeepMotherboard issue.CH000607
One Long and Two Short BeepsVideo (Mono/CGA Display Circuitry) issue.CH000607
One Long and Three Short Beeps.Video (EGA) Display Circuitry.CH000607
Three Long BeepsKeyboard / Keyboard card error.CH000304
One Beep, Blank or Incorrect DisplayVideo Display Circuitry.CH000607

Macintosh startup tones

TonesError
Error Tone. (two sets of different tones)Problem with logic board or SCSI bus.
Startup tone, drive spins, no videoProblem with video controller.
Powers on, no tone.Logic board problem.
High Tone, four higher tones.Problem with SIMM.

Phoenix BIOS beep codes

Below are the beep codes for PHOENIX BIOS Q3.07 OR 4.X

Beep CodeDescription / What to Check
1-1-1-3Verify Real Mode.
1-1-2-1Get CPU type.
1-1-2-3Initialize system hardware.
1-1-3-1 Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2Set in POST flag.
1-1-3-3Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-4-1Initialize cache to initial POST values.
1-1-4-3 Initialize I/O.
1-2-1-1Initialize Power Management.
1-2-1-2Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
1-2-1-3Jump to UserPatch0.
1-2-2-1 Initialize keyboard controller.
1-2-2-3BIOS ROM checksum.
1-2-3-18254 timer initialization.
1-2-3-3 8237 DMA controller initialization.
1-2-4-1Reset Programmable Interrupt Controller.
1-3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh.
1-3-1-3Test 8742 Keyboard Controller.
1-3-2-1 Set ES segment to register to 4 GB.
1-3-3-1 28 Autosize DRAM.
1-3-3-3 Clear 512K base RAM.
1-3-4-1 Test 512 base address lines.
1-3-4-3 Test 512K base memory.
1-4-1-3Test CPU bus-clock frequency.
1-4-2-4Reinitialize the chipset.
1-4-3-1 Shadow system BIOS ROM.
1-4-3-2Reinitialize the cache.
1-4-3-3Autosize cache.
1-4-4-1Configure advanced chipset registers.
1-4-4-2 Load alternate registers with CMOS values.
2-1-1-1 Set Initial CPU speed.
2-1-1-3 Initialize interrupt vectors.
2-1-2-1 Initialize BIOS interrupts.
2-1-2-3Check ROM copyright notice.
2-1-2-4 Initialize manager for PCI Options ROMs.
2-1-3-1 Check video configuration against CMOS.
2-1-3-2 Initialize PCI bus and devices.
2-1-3-3 Initialize all video adapters in system.
2-1-4-1 Shadow video BIOS ROM.
2-1-4-3 Display copyright notice.
2-2-1-1Display CPU type and speed.
2-2-1-3Test keyboard.
2-2-2-1 Set key click if enabled.
2-2-2-356 Enable keyboard.
2-2-3-1Test for unexpected interrupts.
2-2-3-3 Display prompt Press F2 to enter SETUP.
2-2-4-1 Test RAM between 512 and 640k.
2-3-1-1Test expanded memory.
2-3-1-3Test extended memory address lines.
2-3-2-1 Jump to UserPatch1.
2-3-2-3Configure advanced cache registers.
2-3-3-1 Enable external and CPU caches.
2-3-3-3 Display external cache size.
2-3-4-1Display shadow message.
2-3-4-3 Display non-disposable segments.
2-4-1-1Display error messages.
2-4-1-3 Check for configuration errors.
2-4-2-1Test real-time clock.
2-4-2-3 Check for keyboard errors
2-4-4-1 Set up hardware interrupts vectors.
2-4-4-3Test coprocessor if present.
3-1-1-1Disable onboard I/O ports.
3-1-1-3 Detect and install external RS232 ports.
3-1-2-1 Detect and install external parallel ports.
3-1-2-3 Re-initialize onboard I/O ports.
3-1-3-1 Initialize BIOS Data Area.
3-1-3-3 Initialize Extended BIOS Data Area.
3-1-4-1 Initialize floppy controller.
3-2-1-1Initialize hard-disk controller.
3-2-1-2Initialize local-bus hard-disk controller.
3-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch2.
3-2-2-1 Disable A20 address line.
3-2-2-3 Clear huge ES segment register.
3-2-3-1 Search for option ROMs.
3-2-3-3 Shadow option ROMs.
3-2-4-1 Set up Power Management.
3-2-4-3 Enable hardware interrupts.
3-3-1-1Set time of day.
3-3-1-3 Check key lock.
3-3-3-1 Erase F2 prompt.
3-3-3-3 Scan for F2 key stroke.
3-3-4-1 Enter SETUP.
3-3-4-3 Clear in-POST flag.
3-4-1-1Check for errors
3-4-1-3POST done--prepare to boot operating system.
3-4-2-1 One beep.
3-4-2-3 Check password (optional).
3-4-3-1 Clear global descriptor table.
3-4-4-1 Clear parity checkers.
3-4-4-3 Clear screen (optional).
3-4-4-4 Check virus and backup reminders.
4-1-1-1 Try to boot with INT 19.
4-2-1-1 Interrupt handler error.
4-2-1-3 Unknown interrupt error.
4-2-2-1 Pending interrupt error.
4-2-2-3 Initialize option ROM error.
4-2-3-1 Shutdown error.
4-2-3-3 Extended Block Move.
4-2-4-1 Shutdown 10 error.
4-3-1-3 Initialize the chipset.
4-3-1-4 Initialize refresh counter.
4-3-2-1 Check for Forced Flash.
4-3-2-2 Check HW status of ROM.
4-3-2-3 BIOS ROM is OK.
4-3-2-4 Do a complete RAM test.
4-3-3-1 Do OEM initialization.
4-3-3-2 Initialize interrupt controller.
4-3-3-3 Read in bootstrap code.
4-3-3-4 Initialize all vectors.
4-3-4-1 Boot the Flash program.
4-3-4-2 Initialize the boot device.
4-3-4-3 Boot code was read OK.

Solving the 'LAN Problem' in NFS Underground 2

A friend of mine has recently opened a gaming zone. Having most DVDs of different games, I went to his zone for installing some of my favorites. After getting all the necessary work done (Making the straight wires for the switch and connecting all PC's together over the LAN) we started checking all the games one by one. Things were going fine until we encountered a problem in connecting to the 'Lobby' in NFSU2. It took me quite some time to figure out the problem. The problem was that it took like forever when I wanted to connect to the lobby. The same problem was going on in the other PCs as well. So, how did I solved the problem? It was very simple and very easy...

1. Open your network connection.

2. Right-click on your Local Area Connection and click 'Properties'. You'll see a window as illustrated below:





















3. Double-click on 'Internet protocol (TCP/IP)'. Doing so will open up another window as shown below:





















Here you have to set your IP. Like for the server your IP must be '1' as illustrated in the above image. So lets suppose you've set your IP as '192.168.0.1' for PC1. After doing that you'll have to select the 'Subnet Mask' which will automatically set its subnet to '255.255.255.0'. NOW comes the main part (perhaps the only part due to which I wasn't able to connect to the lobby in NFSU2)... The 'Default Gateway'... Set it to '1.1.1.1' and click ok. That's it, you should be able to connect to the lobby from PC1.

Now setup PC2:
===========
Just like above set the IP address 1st but now since this is the 2nd PC, its IP should be '192.168.0.2'. If you will give it the same IP address which you've set for PC1 than there will be an IP conflict. So for PC2 you'll set the IP to '192.168.0.2'... The subnet will remain the same as above (255.255.255.0) and the default gateway should also remain the same as above (1.1.1.1). For PC3 the IP will change to '192.168.0.3' and the rest of the process is all same.

-------

Viola! That should do it. Check it now and please leave a comment if it solved your problem. :)

Saturday, June 20, 2009

AMX Mod X for CS1.6 (Windows and Linux)

AMX Mod X is a versatile Half-Life metamod plugin which is targetted toward server administration. It has a wide array of scripting capabilities so people can write "plugins", or files which add on to a mod's functionality. Plugins can take form in administrative services (adding new admin commands), statistics generation (StatsX), fun additions (godmode, etc), gameplay changes (WC3, CSDM), and much, much more!
You can also write modules to expand the functionality of AMX Mod X and add to the scripting language.

AMX Mod X and AMX Mod
AMX Mod X was originally based on AMX Mod, a similar Half-Life modification by OLO. However, AMX Mod began to slip into poor project policies (lack of public input, no open source enforcement, no central source code maintained, and much more).
Due to the dead appearance of the project as all maintainers had disappeared into oblivion, the AMX Mod X project was started.
Since then, the AMX Mod X project has come a long way. Nearly every portion of AMX Mod has been either rewritten from the ground up, cleaned up, or changed to work in a new system.
AMX Mod X is not AMX Mod. And better yet, it's almost fully backward compatible.

AMX Mod X Full Installer
AMX Mod X Base
AMX Mod X Studio
AMX Mod X Source-Code
How to install AMX Mod X?
======================
Metamod must be instaled becuase without it, AMXMODX doesn't work.

1) Go in cstrike\addons. Create a folder, and named is in metamod.
2) Create a folder in addons\metamod, called dlls.
3)Download the Linux version or the Windows version.
4) Put .dll / .so in addons\metamod\dlls
5) Go in the cstrike folder and search for liblist.gam. For windows, change the line:

Code:

gamedll "dlls\mp.dll"

with
Code:

gamedll "addons\metamod\dlls\metamod.dll"

For linux, change the line:
Code:
gamedll_linux "dlls/mp_i386.so"

with
Code:
gamedll_linux "addons/metamod/dlls/metamod_i386.so"

Go in \addons\metamod and create plugins.ini. There add the next line for windows

Code:

win32 addons\amxmodx\dlls\amxmodx_mm.dll

For linux:
Code:
linux addons/amxmodx/dlls/amxmodx_mm_i386.so

Installing Amx Modx

Download AMXMODX BASE LINUX or AMXMODX BASE WINDOWS
Extract the files in cstrike folder so in addons we have now amxmodx, too.
Download the Counter-Strike module: LINUX
for linux or WINDOWS for Windows.Exctract the files like you do with Amxmodx Base. This archive adds only a few files for Counter-Strike.

AMXMODX Configuration

1) To install plugins, put the source(.sma) in addons/amxmodx/scripting and .amxx in addons/amxmodx/plugins.Go in addons\amxmodx\configs\plugins.ini and add, after the last line, EXAMPLE : name.amxx
2) Go in amxmodx/configs/amxx.cfg and edit:

amx_default_access "z" user access
amx_mode 1 (do not modify)
amx_show_activity 2 (do not modify)
amx_scrollmsg "Welcome to %hostname% -- This server is using AMX Mod X" 600 (Replace Welcome to ... with your message, and replace 600 with your time. The time is in seconds)
amx_imessage"Welcome to %hostname" "000255100" (this message will appeare in the center of the screen. is called "hud message").For more messages, multiply the amx_imessage "your message " "colorRGB"
amx_freq_imessage 180 (180 is the time interval, in seconds, when the message apper in the center of the screen)
amx_flood_time 0.75 (do not modify)
amx_reservation 0 (the number of reserved slots)
amx_hideslots 1 (do not modify)
amx_time_display "ab 1200" "ab 600" "ab 300" "ab 180" "ab 60" "bcde 11" (do not modify)
amx_time_voice 1 (do not modify)

The rest of lines, DO NOT MODIFY

Adding admins:

To add admins by nickname (like at adminmod) on steamid (DO NOT make admins on steam ID, only if he has Licensed steam. There can be a lot of Unknown admins.) and on the IP.

On SteamID
"STEAM_0:0:123456" "" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu" "ce" (replace STEAM_0:0:123456 with your admin SteamID)

On NickName
"BAILOPAN" "mypass" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu" "a" ( bailop = nick ; mypass = admin password). Every time he enters the game he must write in console, setinfo _cs PASSWORD .

On IP
"ip" "" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu" "de" Replace IP with admin's IP

The admins with SteamID admin or IP admin, musn't write in the console, setinfo _cs PASSWORD

AMX Mod X Fun Plugins

Click here to view a variety of AMX Mod X plugins. However, be sure to download the right plugins specifically designed to work with Counter Strike only.

=========

That's about it. Now run CS and enjoy. :)

Counter Strike 'Beginner' Tricks and Tips.

Beginning of Round


RULE#1- Always buy an HE grenade before anything else. You'll find this incredibly useful later on in the round because after your teammates have weakened the other team, throwing an HE grenade will most likely kill a few opposing players then if you threw it at beginning of round.


RULE #2 - You'll want to purchase either full armor or just Kevlar. Going into battle without armor is more or less shooting yourself in the foot. Those are the two primary rules that you must follow at the beginning of the round. If not, you'll most likely end up dead or not fragging anyone.


RULE #3 -If you don't have enough money to buy a sub machine gun or your favorite rifle, go for a solid pistol with full ammo. A strong pistol is 100 times more efficient then an MP5 or AK-47with 30 bullets. After you've done the following, you'll be able to do some virtual rampaging.

Aiming and Proper Shooting Technique
This section is by far the most important factor in your Counter-Strike playing career. If your shooting and aiming techniques are poor, the other players will always have an advantage over you. Here are the proper techniques of shooting/aiming-


  • Try to aim above the CT's/T's belt. If you shoot a player above the belt, it will cause more damage then in the leg for example. After you've worked on just hitting the players above the belt, try aiming for the head. With any gun, 2-6 head shots will either kill them or severely injure them.


  • Pulse your fire button correctly. Regardless what gun you purchase, your going to want to pulse your fire button. When I say pulse I mean fire bursts of bullets (usually 2-4 bullets a burst). This will increase your aim to another level. Now, if you have a highly inaccurate gun (AK-47 for example), your going to want to shoot off bursts of bullets as much as possible. If you can master the art of shooting bursts of bullets from the AK, you soon become a great Counter-Strike player. This rule goes for any other gun but I highly stress it with the AK-47.


  • Jump and strafe whenever possible.


When you're in battle, it is much more difficult to hit a target that is moving and jumping around than it is to hit a stationary one. Also, by jumping, it forces your crosshair to hit the upper part of the opposing team's bodies. Hence, increasing the chances of getting head shots and upper body shots. This technique is for advanced players, but soon enough, you'll be able to do this yourself. So don't try this when you first start out.


Proper sniping technique.

Regardless what rifle you're using, try to crouch and shoot when possible. Crouching will increase your aim and prevent you from moving easily. Second rule of sniping is if your ping is 10-110, try to lead the shot the most minute bit in front of the players movement. Now, if you have 120-150 ping, you'll want to increase the amount of length between your shot and the players movement. If you have 160-200+ ping, it becomes very difficult to snipe and most likely your better off not sniping at all. Some people can pull it off, some can't. It's obvious that the AWP is by far the more powerful rifle in the game, but, is it the most sufficient?

Not at all. The scout, a gun that is less played then the AWP, is a great gun. If you think about it, once you shoot a player with the scout, its tops them from moving them temporarily which leaves you to easily shoot him again. By shooting him twice with a scout, you'll probably kill him or at least hurt him badly. The rule of trying to hit above the belt also goes for sniping guns (except for the AWP, guaranteed kill regardless where shot). Some of you newbies out there are going toshoot a guy through a wall with an AWP and not kill him. I know, you'll probably be saying, "WTH?! I shot that f00 with AWP, he should have been fragged :D!" Wrong, depending on the thickness of the wall, the bullet will not penetrate at full speed, hence, not hitting the opposing player will full force. My recommendation, don't try sniping until you get good with all other guns.

Cheating
Regardless how much you suck the big one, NEVER NEVER NEVER cheat. Simple as that.By cheating, you're:


  • Throwing away all skills which you had previously worked on.
  • Not being at all l337 (Elite).
  • Showing lack of respect for the greatest game ever created.
  • Overall, showing no regard for the reason why Counter-Strike was created, to have fun for yourself and the other around you playing.


Tips for longer life

  • For far ranges, Crouch, Aim, shoot in 2shotburst to the chest.
  • Never, ever blast full-auto like a madman when u see your enemy a few feet away. Your bullets will most probably miss.
  • If u are close enough to recognize his gun, unlike the above. For god sake shoot his head off!
  • Always reload after a kill. AK eats bullets like a cow eat grasses.
  • For goodness sake, keep your stealth. Don't be a madman blasting at nothing! You will wake up the whole city, announcing where u are.
  • The AK-47 has movement stopping power. Once the enemy is hit, its hard to escape the second round and so on and forth.
  • Don't scan. The rate of fire is not as high as mp-5. concentrate your fireand your enemy will be down faster then u expected.


Camping
The word is uttered with disdain and contempt, but "camping" is, when used properly, a legitimate and effective strategy.

Remember that, unlike death match games such as Quake, Counterstrike is a team-based game played within an attack-and-defend scenario or variation thereof. In the "hostage rescue" scenarios, for example, the Terrorists are on the defensive, attempting to hold off the attacking Counter-Terrorists. Likewise, in the "defusion" maps, the CTs defend their turf from the bomb-toting Ts. In either case, one side is occupying an area with the intention of keeping the other side out.Concealing yourself in a static position that offers you goodvisibility as well as the element of surprise is a sensible way to defend. Real combatants call this "digging in." Frustrated CS players call it "camping."

Granted, an attacker who "digs in"accomplishes almost nothing. Counter-terrorists who camp in a "hostage rescue" map, for example, are nothing more than counter-productive –unless the Terrorists venture outside in search of their enemy. (This isn’t likely to happen, though, since as of B6 the Ts will win the match if they still have their hostages when the time runs out; they may as well wait it out inside until the entire team can afford heavy weapons.) But a defender who controls access to his enemy’s objective is simply doing his job.

A Case in Point: When you’re the last Terrorist left in Canyon Siege because all of your teammates havedispersed individually across the map (and been taken out one-by-one by a cohesive CT team), you’d be amazed at how many attackers you can waste by hiding out in the vent room. Position yourself in the corner by the door, facing the vent. Listen for someone climbing up to the vent opening. When a CT crawls through the opening, the first body part you see is his head – an instant kill. Also, listen for attackers approaching the door and either fire through the door or whack ‘em as soon as they slide it open. When all is said and done, you have single-handedly held off the CTs, kept your hostages, and won the match.

(Conversely,CTs should toss several grenades through the vent before entering in order to clear nasty buggers like me out of that room. Don’t expect the hostages to survive, though.)

The other form of "camping"involves moving stealthily across the map towards your objective and taking every opportunity to ambush enemy players along the way. It is amazing that as effective as sneaking is (holding SHIFT while moving),almost no one does it.

Grenade trickery
This is a rather short strategy description, but it works well.

Often when you are on a small team playing against another small (OR large)team, rushing or hiding simply doesn't work. Often in this case, a team will have to use their brains rather than sheer firepower. One way to do this is through making your enemy think you're doing what you'renot.

You know that there are three types of grenades available to you in CS. This strategy focuses on mainly the HE grenade and the smoke grenade combined, but a flash grenade can easily take the place of the HE. We will still need the cover of the smoke grenade for this.

One man can be designated the "stay-behind" grenade tosser. He will purchase these two grenades, and take it solo as quickly as possible to a popular spot in the map. He might choose to wait a few seconds at his destination, but that can be either helpful of harmful depending upon the speed at which the enemy approaches the location. This man should probably station himself in the entrance that his team members would usually take to enter this location. Still on his side of the entrance,one smoke bomb or flash bomb can be thrown into the open to blind any players of the other team. After they are most likely to be "disabled,"throw in the HE grenade for the extra look of an oncoming attack, and run (or walk) like hell to catch up with the rest of your team.

This is why we have one man carrying this grenade. How often is it that a single player will stock up on every type of grenade? Not very often,so most players will assume multiple attackers. Meanwhile, the rest of the team takes a stealth entrance to swing in behind the enemy players awaiting the attack force from the choice location. Sometimes the teams may still clash, but there is a good chance that the enemy team players will still be waiting for the smoke to clear, while what they're really waiting for is their death from behind.

Flashbang
One oft he least used items in Counter-Strike is the flash bang (aka Concussion Grenade). Throwing one in to a room full of the opposing team will score you some quick kills, especially if it's a small room with only one exit. Throwing flash bangs out in the open is a bad idea though, you'll blind and hurt any team members in the area and leave them defence less against anybody on the opposing team that wasn't affected buy the blast. Communication is very important when using flashbangs. Until Goose puts "Fire in the hole" back, always tell your team before you throw one so that they can move or turn around. There's nothing worse then a pissed team member that was just killed by your flash bang. Also don't be a jerk and throw them at your team for fun,even if FF is off, it still hurts them!.

Stalking
As you probably know by now, 90% of Counter-Strike servers play with footsteps on. The first step is to make sure you have a good sound card and speaker system (2 speakers can do it). And for goodness sake get a headphone (stereo). So that you may recognize the area from where the footsteps are generating the sound.

The Other Skills in Counter-Strike
When one sees multiple enemies in the game all looking directly his way, you would expect that person to immediately turn and run. Yet, few do this,instead, they tend to begin firing and die a short time later, having accomplished little. In CS, just like real life, your life is the most important thing in the game, for if you are dead, you cannot do anything and will actually harm the team in terms of morale. Instead, a veteran player should be able to realize within 1/10 of a second that he is facing against impossible odds (unless they are all standing in a tight group so that one rifle burst will take them all out). Then he will jump back into whatever cover he came out of, and use his radio to call for backup. His teammates should soon be arriving (if they are not too busy themselves), in which time he can position himself to one of an advantage instead of disadvantage. The enemies, usually feeling confident due to their superior numbers will often charge forward to attack that lone soldier. However, having now had time to position himself to a better position, that veteran player should be able to instead surprise his pursuers with a deadly ambush (by himself even).Because he knows where his enemies should be emerging from, and his enemies do not know where he is hiding, he should have the opportunity for a first shot, first kill scenario. If he feels confident at killing all of his enemies, he will continue to fire. If he is not, then he will have left himself another fallback position in which he can again repeat the process with even fewer enemies (and perhaps some backup too).

Another thing people often do wrong is the deployment of smoke grenades. I often see them thrown at my feet just as I was about to enter into a firefight. A fragmentation grenade or even a flash bangwould obviously have been better at defeating or deterring me. But instead, I can use the smoke grenade to my advantage against them is simply stand inside the smoke and use it as my cover. I will be able to see my enemies while it will take them several moments longer to acquire me as a target.Instead, the smoke grenade should be one of the most useful tools in the game. One of the jobs that the smoke grenade excels at is separating the enemy. In the map Dust, a favorite tactic of CTs is to stand on opposite sides of the tunnel shaped like a "T"through which all the terrorists must pass. As soon as a terrorist moves so into the upper part of the "T", he will instantly be attacked upon in both directions, leading to a very quick death. Even if all the terrorists were to charge through together. They would still take incredibly heavy casualties if they make it at all, even facing against a relatively small force of CTs. Instead, if the terrorists were to throw a smoke grenade down one end of the tunnel, and run down the other, they would easily win. The smoke would obscure the view of the defenders on one end of the tunnel, and they would be unable to target the terrorists charging the other direction. Another method of using a smoke grenade effectively is to block snipers. A sniper usually will select an area of low vulnerability (few angles for others to shoot athim) while still retaining a wide FOV (where everyone must pass). With the new CS 6.5 patch, a running sniper is a dead sniper. So, he will be crouching, and if a smoke grenade were to land near him, in his field of view, the sniper will either be vulnerable to a charge close in, or he must change his position, turning him into a running sniper. A smoke grenade can also be used for ambushes, if a team has good cooperation.A smoke grenade in the entrance of a large room or area will block the view of anyone brave enough to venture in. Once he clears the smoke,everyone in the room will be able to see him, and he will be quickly dispatched. For the reason described above, many people will hesitate chasing an enemy through a smoke grenade. This also leads to opportunity since whoever threw the grenade can use the time to get behind his enemies and kill them.

Many people who play CS are quite predictable. They tend to move the same way over and over again.For instance, I will see them sneak out from behind a crate, take a few pot shots at me, and then sneak back. If I was not aware of there being an enemy behind that particular crate, he might hit me once or twice while I did not even have the time to react and return fire. However, Iwill then see him come out from behind that same crate and move to almost the same position and try to target me again. However, in the time it took him to duck back and come forward again, I have already moved to a new position far away from where I had been. Furthermore, I have also leveled my crosshair to where he was bound to pop-up, right at the head level. While he searched for me, I will have made sure to put a bullet or two into his head before he finished. So the lesson here is-don't be predicable. Mix things up. If you popped out from this side of the crate the first time, pop out from the left the second, or even not at all. If you must come out from the same side again, don't just do exactly what you did before, jump out from cover, and attempt to dodge until your opponent's fire is thrown off by the recoil(described below) and then fire back. If you get shot at, don't standing the same place trying to get shot at again. If you know where the fire is coming from, then immediately get into a position so that you can return fire with at least equal footing. If you don't know where they are shooting at you from, then don't make it easy for them by standing still! Jump around, strafe, and dive for the nearest cover.Try to find your assailants by lowering your arc of vulnerability (its at 360o when you are in an open field!) It can easily be done by standing next to a wall, (which lowers it to 180o) or even better, acorner (then its only 90o). Basically get to where there are less positions from which enemies can shoot at you from (by positions I mean any arbitrary point from which there is a clear LOS to you.) Again, anytime you cannot see an enemy, make it hard for them to shoot at you,even if you do not think there are any in the area. While still on the subject of predictability, I also see many people who will use an advantageous place to kill me quickly (camping). I do not mind this,because many times they will do the same thing at the same place again,and I will kill them this time. If you are going to defend in such away, don't use the same place over and over! Rotate between the places that you know and try to throw off your opponents that way. If you are one of those people who likes to attack instead, then simply remember all the places that you have seen opponents "camp" and either be ready to kill them, or if that's not possible, simply avoid them. When clearing these spot remember the vulnerability issue described above,clear only one spot at a time and don't ever believe that no one could be there. That one time you don't think there is anyone will be the time when you die. Often the best way to clear a "campground" is not to play it cautiously, but instead jump in aggressively and kill thatopponent who is not expecting someone to be so aware of his presence.

The final thing is the game mechanics, and specifically how accuracy works.Every sub machine gun in this game will have a bullet spread in the shape of a circle. The size of the circle is quite small and as a result, it is useful to shoot them continuously unless engaging enemies at long range. On the other hand assault rifles all exhibit what I call the "T" effect, in that its bullet spread is in the shape of a "T". The first 3-4 bullets (6-7 when scoped) will usually land exactly where the crosshair was aiming, at the bottom of the "T". The next few bullets will then kick up, forming the stem of the "T". If gunfire is continued, the kick will not only go up but also in a random direction(to the left, middle, or right). Finally the muzzle climb will max out and then the bullets will sweep left and right, forming the top of the"T". What does this mean? Not much, unless you know what to do with it.While playing, simply remember that if you do not use the scope in your gun, keep the bursts to 3-4 rounds (unless using the AK-47, in which case 2-3 rounds). If you need to fire more and it is close range, push your mouse forward. In scoped fire, you should never, fire more than 9rounds, because the jerking motion of the scope makes it impossible to push the mouse down a correct amount when coupled with the fact that your aim sweeps left to right and the fact that your opponent is faraway. Use this knowledge in accordance with what with discussed above and you will easily be able to defeat your opponents. It is also recommended that you move between bursts if absolutely no cover is available, since at least you will be harder to hit during the time that you are not firing. At close range even submachine guns andpistols become extremely deadly if you aim before you fire since a few head shots will fell any opponent. Add to this the control-ability ofthese guns while moving, and assault rifles no longer are superior anymore. But you must also remember wall penetration of a rifle when in such a situation because I like to shoot opponents through walls if they decide to hide behind a thin object. Simply understanding this fact should make you more effective in choosing your cover, but also remember that CS HAS NO PENETRATION TEXTURES, meaning that a rifle round will pass through five inches of granite just as easily as it would pass through five inches of Styrofoam (if there were such a texture in the game).

These tips will not help you unless you consciously use them. And also, if you get killed, don't just chalk it up to bad luck of lack of skill, but instead pinpoint exactly the thing or things that you did wrong to get killed. Then don't do it again the next time. If you combine these time while at the same time improving your accuracy etc. through practice, you will soon become a much, much better CS player.

Friday, June 12, 2009

The 'PERFECT' example of Hijab

I found this image some years ago, posted on PK Forum. I liked it so much that I started sharing it everywhere I could. It indeed is the 'Perfect' example of Hijab. When covered rightly, a female is as much safe as the candy you're looking in the image below. But once uncovered, a female is vulnerable to various attacks. Either physical or mental.

THE PERFECT EXAMPLE OF HIJAB:

Dil ki aarzu

dil ki arzoo ab keh rahi hai
dharkan ki dharak ab keh rahi hai
hai koi jis ke dil me hum rehtey hai
ye hum nahi hamari chahat keh rahi hai
***********************************
ye zuban pyar na karney ka keh rahi hey
par tarap usse baraney ka keh rahi hey
chaha ke rok loon jo kuch bhi horaha hey
par nahi rookta ye hamari chahat keh rahi hey
***********************************
dilo ki dharkan ab band honey ka keh rahi hai
mehboob se judayii ab khattam honey ka keh rahi hai
ayega kissi din kissi lamhey samney mere
yahi hai khuwish ye hamari chahat keh rahi hai
***********************************
gam tu hai thora ye bahar keh rahi hai
dar to hai thora ye takdeer keh rahi hai
par har dar se ab is pyar ko pana hai
nahi jina us ke bina ye hamari chahat keh rahi hai
***********************************
pyar me lela apney majnoo ki tareef ka keh rahi hai
pyar me heer apnay ranjha ki khuwish ka keh rahi hai
mana ke hai in ki dastanien bhi bohat barii
par hum inse agien hai ye hamari chahat keh rahi hai
***********************************
hum ko hamari yaar gussa na karney ka keh rahi hai
hum ko hamari yaar pyar karney ka keh rahi hai
par pyar to humhe bhi karna hai par izazat tu de
ye hum nahi hamari chahat keh rahi hai
***********************************
dhektey raho us ko pal pal ye ankh keh rahi hai
sochtey raho us ko har pal ye soch keh rahi hai
dil tu chahata hai lagalo galey se ussey
ye hum nahi hamari chahat keh rahi hai

Shab Bhar Raha Char-cha Tera

کل چودھویں کی رات تھی شب بھر رہا چرچا ترا
کچھ نے کہا یہ چاند ہے کچھ نے کہا چہرا ترا

ہم بھی وہیں موجود تھے ہم سے بھی سب پوچھا کئے
ہم ہنس دئیے ہم چپ رہے منظور تھا پردہ ترا

اس شہر میں کس سے ملیں ہم سے چھوٹیں محفلیں
ہر شخص تیرا نام لے ہر شخص دیوانہ ترا

تو باوفا، تو مہرباں، ہم اور تجھ سے بدگماں؟
ہم نے تو پوچھا تھا ذرا، یہ وصف کیوں ٹھہرا ترا

کوچے کو تیرے چھوڑ کر جوگی ہی بن جائیں مگر
جنگل ترے، پربت ترے، بستی تری، صحرا ترا

ہم پر یہ سختی کی نظر؟ ہم ہیں فقیر راہگزر
رستہ کبھی روکا ترا، دامن کبھی تھاما ترا

ہاں ہاں تیری صورت حسیں لیکن تو اتنا بھی نہیں
اک شخص کے اشعار سے شہرہ ہوا کیا کیا ترا

بے درد سننی ہو تو چل کہتا ہے کہ کیا اچھی غزل
عاشق ترا، رسوا ترا، شاعر ترا، انشا ترا



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The Dark Room ;-).


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